Sindh after Bin Qasim.                                                                                                                     

There was now Muslim foothold in South Asia Sindhi remained part of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates,who appointed its governers.These governers used many of the local Hindu nobles to help them run the province.Sindh was famously rich,sending much gold to the rulers in Iraq.

With the Muslim conquest, the Arabic language and ways spread in the Indus region and Hindus and Muslims learnt from each other. The rulers of Iraq welcomed scholars from South Asia,skilled in medicine,mathematics, and astronomy.

Later,in the ninth and tenth centuries,Sindh's rulers became independent of Baghdad.There was one Muslim kingdom around Man sura  in the south and another further north with its capital at Multan.

A key moment: the Battle of Rawar and capture of Brahmanabad,712                  

                                                                                                                                                                                 The young bin Qasim quickly showed himself a good leader. Attacking the port of Debal, he used his siege engines to topple the tower on which a sacred red flag fluttered. This so angered the defenders that they left the safety of their city to attack, but Muhammad bin Qasim quickly defeated them and took the city. However,Dahir had a strong army which included many elephants. Bin Qasim crossed the Indus and drew him into the battle beside the river near Rawar. Accordoing to Al-Baladhuri the struggle was very tough and for many hours evenly balanced. Dahir, on an albino elephant, led his men courageously. The turning point of the battle was when his elephant, struck by a burning arrow, panicked and rushed into the river. Dahir, forced to fight on foot, was soon killed and the Hindus fled.This was the end of the serious resistence. Bin Qasin soon captured Brahmanabad, Dahir's capital and,by 713,controlled all sindh.

http://indopakhistorypk.blogspot.com/2009/02/muhammad-bin-qasim-as-good-soldier-and.html

Muhammad bin Qasin As a good Ruler and Solider                                                                                                                                        The miltary and administrative success of  Muhammad bin Qasim form one of the most brilliant chapters in the History of  Muslim rulers of indo,Pakistan.He was a born leader and a versatile genius.He was a poet, a patriot,a statesman and a accomplished administrator.He was strong against opponents and tender hearted to friends. According to Al-Marzubani, Muhammad bin Qasim was great man of all times.Despite his youth,Muhammad bin Qasim had already proved his capability as the governer of fars in persia.

Some Glorious Achievements of Muhammad bin Qasim                                                                                                                                Conquer of Sindh                                                                                                                                                                                              When Muhammad bin Qasim began the invasion of Debal, the ruler of  sindh  Raja Dahir was  staying in his capital Alor (Nawabshah) about 500 killometers away.Debal was in the charge of a governer with a garrison of four to six thousands Rajput soliders and a few thousand Brahmans, and therefore Raja Dahir did not march to it's defense immediately. All his while,the young invader was keeping in close contact with Hajjaj, soliciting the latter's advice even on the smallest matters.so efficent was the communication system that letters were written every three days and replies were recieved in seven days. so that the campaign was virtually directed by the veteran Hajjaj ibn yusuf himself when siege of Debal continued for some time a infecter informed Muhammad bin Qasim How the temple could be captured.Thereupon the Arabs,planting their ladders stormed the citadel-Temple and swarmed over the walls.As per Islamic injuctions, The inhabitants were invited to accept Islam.The carnage lasted for three days.The temple was razed and a mosque built.At Ar_rur bin Qasim met Dahir's forces in the battle but he defeated Dahir and dahir died.Muhammad bin Qasim captured the sindh.

Muhammad bin Qasim Introduction                                                                                                                                           Muhammad bin Qasim was born arround 695 AD.  He belonged to the Saqqafi tribe, that had orginated from Taif in Arabia. He grew up in the care of his uncle Muhammad bin Yusuf,the governer of Yemen. He was in his teens when he was appointed the governer of Persia.Muhammad bin Qasim's father was Qasim bin Yusuf who died when bin Qasim was young leaving his mother in charge of his education and care.   Umayyad governer Al Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf Al Thaqafi. Muhammad bin Qasim paternal uncle, was instrumental in teaching Muhammad bin Qasim about warfare and governance.